Ultimate Guide to the Introduction-to-Cryptography – Latest Oct 14, 2026 Edition Available Now [Q37-Q58]

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Ultimate Guide to the Introduction-to-Cryptography – Latest Oct 14, 2026 Edition Available Now

2026 Updated Verified Pass Introduction-to-Cryptography Exam – Real Questions and Answers

WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Objectives
Foundations of Cryptography	– Core concepts of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation – Historical and modern cryptography principles
Cryptographic Protocols and Applications	– TLS/SSL conceptual overview – Secure communication design principles
Key Management and PKI	– Certificates, certificate authorities, and PKI structure – Key exchange and lifecycle management
Symmetric Encryption	– Block and stream ciphers – AES and legacy algorithms (e.g., DES conceptually)
Hash Functions and Message Authentication	– MAC and HMAC mechanisms – Cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA family concepts)
Asymmetric Encryption	– RSA and ECC fundamentals – Public key cryptography principles

NO.37 (What is used to randomize the initial value when generating Initialization Vectors (IVs)?)

Key

Plaintext

Algorithm

Nonce

NO.38 (Why should a forensic investigator create a hash of a victim’s hard drive and of the bitstream copy of the hard drive?)

To identify if someone opened the drive

To certify the information on the drive is correct

To establish who created the files on the drives

To verify that the drives are identical

NO.39 (Which type of network were VPN connections originally designed to tunnel through?)

Encrypted

Protected

Public

Private

NO.40 (Which mode of encryption converts data into a stream encryption and then uses a counter value and a nonce to encrypt the data?)

Electronic Codebook (ECB)

Counter (CTR)

Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)

Cipher Feedback (CFB)

NO.41 (What is a key benefit of using a cryptography framework?)

It guarantees complete security against all attacks.

It removes the need for employee training in security.

It is solely focused on regulatory compliance.

It provides a structured approach to implementing encryption practices.

NO.42 (Which attack maps hashed values to their original input data?)

Dictionary

Rainbow table

Birthday

Brute-force

NO.43 (What is the Enigma machine known for in the history of cryptography?)

A type of cryptographic algorithm

A device used for secure communication during World War II

A method for decrypting messages

A software program for encrypting emails

NO.44 (Which type of encryption is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) considered to be?)

Hybrid encryption

Quantum encryption

Asymmetric encryption

Symmetric encryption

NO.45 (Which additional input element can be used to implement integrity in combination with symmetric ciphers?)

Initialization vector

Encoding algorithm

Nonce value

Hash function

NO.46 (What describes how Counter (CTR) mode encryption functions?)

Converts the block cipher into a stream cipher, then uses a counter value and a nonce to encrypt the data

Uses a self-synchronizing stream cipher where the IV is encrypted and XORed with the data stream one bit at a time

Encrypts each block with the same key, where each block is independent of the others

Uses an IV to encrypt the first block, then uses the result of the encryption to encrypt the next block

NO.47 (What is a digital signature?)

A method of encrypting messages

A cryptographic technique to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message

A type of encryption algorithm

A unique identifier for digital files

NO.48 (Why did the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) choose Ascon for lightweight cryptography?)

To authenticate users during data transmission

To ensure compatibility with legacy systems

To provide a secure and efficient encryption solution for resource-constrained devices

To encrypt data at rest

NO.49 (How does adding salt to a password improve security?)

Salt creates a different hash if two people use the same password.

Salt enforces the complexity rules for passwords.

Salt ensures two people do not have the same password.

Salt prevents users from reusing the same password.

NO.50 (An administrator has configured a Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection utilizing IPsec transport mode with Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) between a server in the corporate office and a client computer in the remote office. In which situation can the packet content be inspected?)

On devices at headquarters and offsite before being sent and after being received

In the headquarters’ and offsite location’s networks after the data has been sent

Only in the offsite location’s network while data is in transit

Only in the headquarters’ network while data is in transit

NO.51 (Which symmetric encryption technique uses a 112-bit key size and a 64-bit block size?)

AES

3DES

DES

IDEA

NO.52 (How are limits managed for the number of bitcoins that can be created and stored in a blockchain?)

Rewards for mining reduce over time

The total number of participants has been set

A maximum has been established per country

Each person has a maximum number

NO.53 (Which symmetric encryption technique uses a 256-bit key size and a 128-bit block size?)

3DES

DES

IDEA

AES

NO.54 (Which default port must be allowed by firewalls for the key exchange of the IPsec handshaking process to be successful?)

TCP 443

UDP 443

TCP 500

UDP 500

NO.55 (What are the primary characteristics of Bitcoin proof of work?)

Difficult to produce and difficult to verify

Difficult to produce and easy to verify

Easy to produce and easy to verify

Easy to produce and difficult to verify

NO.56 (Which authentication method allows a web service installed on a network operating system to prove its identity to a customer?)

One-way client authentication

One-way server authentication

Mutual authentication

End-to-end authentication

NO.57 (What is the length (in bits) of a SHA-1 hash output?)

160

320

NO.58 (Which mechanism can be applied to protect the integrity of plaintext when using AES?)

RC4

Message Authentication Code (MAC)

RSA

Kerberos key sharing

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Ultimate Guide to the Introduction-to-Cryptography – Latest Oct 14, 2026 Edition Available Now [Q37-Q58]

WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography Exam Syllabus Topics:

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